The helix is a common secondary structural motif found in proteins, and the mechanism of helix−coil interconversion is key to understanding the protein-folding problem. We report the observation of the fast kinetics (nanosecond to millisecond) of helix melting in a small 21-residue alanine-based peptide. The unfolding reaction is initiated using a laser-induced temperature jump and probed using time-resolved infrared spectroscopy. The model peptide exhibits fast unfolding kinetics with a time constant of 160 ± 60 ns at 28 °C in response to a laser-induced temperature jump of 18 °C which is completed within 20 ns. Using the unfolding time and the measured helix−coil equilibrium constant of the model peptide, a folding rate constant of approximately 6 × 10 7 s -1 ( t 1/2 = 16 ns) can be inferred for the helix formation reaction at 28 °C. These results demonstrate that secondary structure formation is fast enough to be a key event at early times in the protein-folding process and that helices are capable of forming before long range tertiary contacts are made. The University of Scranton is a Catholic and Jesuit university animated by the spiritual vision and the tradition of excellence characteristic of the Society of Jesus. Popular Alternatives to Zim for Mac. Explore 25+ Mac apps like Zim, all suggested and ranked by the AlternativeTo user community. A desktop personal wiki with inline preview as-you-type and lots of plugins If your looking for more info about Zim like screenshots, reviews and comments you should. Find the best free programs like iCab for Mac. More than 6 alternatives to choose: Mozilla Firefox for Mac, Google Chrome, Chromium and more. Alternatives to Zim for Windows, Mac, Linux, Web, Android and more. Filter by license to discover only free or Open Source alternatives. This list contains a total of 25+ apps similar to Zim. A free Audio program for Windows. Scratch is a great, free Windows program, being part of the category Audio software with subcategory Mixers and has been created by AnalogX. Top 6 free alternatives to zim for mac 2016. Find the best free programs like Lunettes for Mac. More than 6 alternatives to choose: VLC media player, Windows Media Player, VLC RAR-Loader and more.
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